Date of earliest, latest and average first 28 degree frost.
The corn cropping year can end due to physiological
maturity or a 28 degree killing frost. When looking at air temperature data from 1981
through 2010 for five different northwest Minnesota locations, the date of the
earliest 28 degree frost ranged from September 13 to 20,
the date of the latest frost ranged from October 25 to November 3 and the
average frost date ranged between October 2 and 9 (Table 1).
Table 3.
Date of earliest, latest and average first 28 degree fall freeze for locations
in northwest Minnesota (source: U2U GDD calculator)
Fall 28 degree freeze
|
Moorhead
|
Ada
|
Crookston
|
Thief River Falls
|
Humboldt
|
Earliest
|
Sep 20
|
Sep 20
|
Sep 15
|
Sep 15
|
Sep 13
|
Latest
|
Nov 3
|
Oct 29
|
Oct 25
|
Oct 25
|
Oct 25
|
Average
|
Oct 9
|
Oct 6
|
Oct 5
|
Oct 4
|
Oct 2
|
Ideally, to
allow some complimentary in-field drying to take place, physiological maturity would occur
before temperatures drop in fall. As
cooler air temperatures tend to hold less moisture, the later into the fall
that it takes to reach black layer the less efficient in-field drying will be.
Corn dry down calculator.
Researchers at Iowa
State University recently released an online tool to help people to estimate how
quickly corn may dry in the field. While
developed in Iowa, the team successfully tested the tool using
real-world data as far north as North Dakota and Minnesota.
As few corn crops (if any) in the region have yet to reach physiological
maturity, this tool can be used now to run through various scenarios given a
crop’s geographic location and projected date of and kernel moisture at
physiological maturity. To read more
about this calculator from the perspective of the developers visit this
article on the ISU Extension Integrated Crop Management Blog. The corn drydown calculator can be found
here.
References.
- Corn growing degree day calculator. 2017. Useful to Useable. Online. Midwest Regional Climate Center.
- Licht, M. and Archontoulis, S. 2019. Corn dry down calculator goes live. Integrated Crop Management Blog. Iowa State University Extension.